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good afternoon and welcome back again to

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the sts-133 pre-flight briefings we're

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here now to focus on one of the items

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being brought up by discovery to the

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international space station inside the

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permanent multi-purpose module robonaut

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2 soon to be the first

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dexterous humanoid robot to

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visit space here to tell us about it we

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have rob ambrose the acting chief of the

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automation simulation and robotics

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division here in the engineering

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department at johnson space center we'll

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start with an overview and then take

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questions from the audience rob

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thank you brad

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i'm here talking to you today about a

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project that we've been working on for

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about 15 years so it's really the

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culmination of many people's effort

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a terrific group of engineers

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that we call the robonauts we might

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think of a robot like robonaut as the

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machine

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but we really think of the people behind

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the robots as the real robonauts

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in the room today we've got

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one of the the latest units that we've

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built

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it's robonaut 2a

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the the first in the robonaut 2 series

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if you can take a look at it if we can

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cut over to

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show you the

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robot

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it's in the tuck and ready for launch

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position

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r2b is the one that's currently packed

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and ready for launch

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in the same posture

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preparing to go visit the

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international space station

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i'm going to show you today some of the

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history that got us to this point and

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talk to you about some of the the

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challenges that the team met and the

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future

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for what the robonaut system will

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in addition to all the engineers that

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are behind the robonaut team

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robotics is a growing field it's a

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potential future market for our country

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in the world

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and there are a number of communities

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out there that are also looking to this

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launch

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as validation of the

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decades of research that have made

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things like robonaut possible

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so in a sense while it might be just a

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single step for this robot it's really a

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the challenge that we accepted when we

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started the robonaut project was to

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build something capable

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of doing

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dexterous human-like work

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and here at the johnson space center

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where we're very focused on human

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missions

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the

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idea was that that robot would be doing

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that work side by side with astronauts

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so from the very beginning the idea was

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that the robot had to be

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capable enough strong enough to do work

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but at the same time be safe and trusted

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to do that work right next to humans

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if you move to the second slide

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you'll see the

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history

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of

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well there's our vision our

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history for the robonaut one project

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going back to the first integrated

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products in 1998

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a whole series of

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developments building the robonaut 1a

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system

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it started out as just a couple

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subsystems

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an arm and a hand

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by 99 we'd put the arm and the hand

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together with a head

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and for the first time we experienced

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dexterous telepresence where we could

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really just kind of step into this robot

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and reach out and interact with objects

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in a particular eva tools

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and at that point we realized we really

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had something special that this

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capability was possible

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and that it was within our grasp

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the robonaut 1a system evolved over a

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couple years we added a second limb

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we went upright with a torso

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and formed what we think of as an upper

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body for a robonaut system

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then we commissioned the robonaut 1b

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unit where 1a had a lot of electronics

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in a rack

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off to the side 1b's electronics were

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all integrated in its torso and that

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opened up a whole new series of

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opportunities

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for making the robot portable able to

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move around not just requiring the work

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we brought to it but that it could go to

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the work and do the work where it sat

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we tried a number of lower bodies

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there's a picture there

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of a robonaut 1b with a leg which would

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be appropriate for climbing on the

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outside of the space station

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or for the ins on the inside for that

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matter

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plugging into work inner sight fixtures

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we also tried it on a segway and then

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there's a photo there of a four wheel

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base we built

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called centaur

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which we named based on the fact that it

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kind of looked like the mythological

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creature

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four wheels not four legs but with the

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upper body of a human

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we took that out to the field and

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tested it working with natural objects

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like rocks and geological samples

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we learned a lot of things about the the

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upper body the dexterity the component

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technologies system level

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redundancy and

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made major steps forward in the software

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we were partnered with darpa the defense

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advanced research projects agency

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and teamed with a number of tremendous

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research partners across the country usc

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mit

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university of massachusetts vanderbilt

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rice and other universities were all

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brought in and have contributed in many

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ways to the

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robonaut software

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but at the end of this series we had a

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number of new ideas and you could only

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incrementally upgrade a robot so much

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we had some ideas for what robonaut 2

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would be

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and we went looking for some external

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funding if you could go to the next

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we found a terrific partner in general

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motors

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they shared our vision for

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a robot that could do work real work and

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do it safely next to people

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kind of at the core of that idea is that

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we're not replacing people it doesn't

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make any sense to build a robot that can

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safely work around people

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if they're going to be no people it's

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really predicated on the idea that there

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will be people

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working with the robot

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they like that idea they saw that as a

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part of their future of combining humans

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and robots working together

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and they agreed to partner with us on

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the development of the robonaut 2 series

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to date we've built two units

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r2a is the one here in the room with us

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today and r2b is the one that is packed

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and ready for launch on sts-133

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we went through a similar build up where

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we built the robonaut 2 limb first

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the right arm on r2a

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and then

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we built the second limb in the torso

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and then moved on to the second unit r2b

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when we were given the challenge to take

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a robonaut 2 to station we selected r2b

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as the more recent one

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and

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initiated a whole series of

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tests

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and then redesigned to qualify the r2b

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at the bottom of that slide is a photo

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of r2

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one of the r2 units in a test chamber

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out at the white sands test facility

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this was just one of the many tests that

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the robonaut system had to go through

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and pass before being allowed

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and be certified for use on space

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station in that particular test the

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robot was put

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literally in an oven and baked at 120

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degrees for about four or five days

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and at the end of that

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the air was extracted from the chamber

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and sniffed by a computer nose

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that

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found very little off gassing

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and the robot passed it's very important

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when you put something like a robonaut

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in an iv environment that you not off

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gas emit

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chemicals

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off of the system and pollute the

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environment

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it turns out the robonaut 2s are pretty

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clean

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the robonaut went through a whole series

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of additional tests

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and it's been a great last six months or

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so

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getting it certified

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let me tell you a little bit a bit about

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the arm

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i

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padded

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there are no sharps or hard points

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that could hurt a person

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but that's really just the beginning

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of making a robot safe

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at the core in the muscles of every

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joint are springs that make the system

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compliant so if you go push on it it

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feels soft so if the robot is mining its

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own business and just basically turned

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off

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and an astronaut were to bump into it it

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would give a little and it would not

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injure the astronaut

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that's using a series of springs that we

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developed with sensors capturing the

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deflection of the springs

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in a concept called series elastic

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we've also

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developed a way to coordinate those

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springs

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not just

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through an entire limb

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but with two limbs reaching out and

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grasping objects in common

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most robots can't do that safely because

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they're very stiff

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and a very slight position error

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would produce large forces and the two

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arms would damage themselves

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because the robots are fundamentally

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these robots are fundamentally soft we

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are able to program them to work

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together with multiple arms in fact work

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so superficially it's soft padded and

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safe

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mechanically it is

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soft as well with springs but deeper

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than that it has three levels of sensing

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sensors electrical sensors and software

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that can in each of the three levels

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identify forces that are

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being felt by the robot

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decide if those forces are safe or not

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and stop the robot

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that three levels of safety

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was essential in

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convincing our payload safety review

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panel that this robot would be safe to

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work adjacent to astronauts inside the

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space station

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each of those three levels has a

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separate sensor pack separate cable

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harness going back to a separate process

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running monitoring those forces and if

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there's ever a problem the robot can

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either just stop

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and and wait for the problem to go away

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00:10:45,750 --> 00:10:43,680
or completely turn itself off it's

289
00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:45,760
programmable so we can have different

290
00:10:51,750 --> 00:10:48,240
levels or thresholds at which it will

291
00:10:53,910 --> 00:10:51,760
either pause or completely turn off

292
00:10:56,069 --> 00:10:53,920
that is at the core of every motion that

293
00:10:57,509 --> 00:10:56,079
the robonaut system makes and it gives

294
00:10:59,670 --> 00:10:57,519
us confidence that the robot will be

295
00:11:02,389 --> 00:10:59,680
safe working around us

296
00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:02,399
i'm going to now play uh two videos or a

297
00:11:06,790 --> 00:11:04,560
combination of two clips

298
00:11:09,829 --> 00:11:06,800
uh go to the first video sequence

299
00:11:11,269 --> 00:11:09,839
that shows this paradox

300
00:11:12,389 --> 00:11:11,279
we want to have a robot that's both

301
00:11:16,870 --> 00:11:12,399
strong

302
00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:16,880
and at the same time safe

303
00:11:21,910 --> 00:11:19,839
uh safe enough to do it right next to us

304
00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:21,920
so the first part of this shows it

305
00:11:25,269 --> 00:11:24,320
handling a dumbbell that's a 20 pound

306
00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:25,279
dumbbell

307
00:11:28,710 --> 00:11:26,800
you can relate to what that would feel

308
00:11:29,910 --> 00:11:28,720
like if you were to reach out and pick

309
00:11:32,470 --> 00:11:29,920
it up

310
00:11:34,230 --> 00:11:32,480
unlike people which tend to cheat

311
00:11:36,389 --> 00:11:34,240
this robot will really do what the

312
00:11:39,990 --> 00:11:36,399
physical trainers tell you to do which

313
00:11:42,389 --> 00:11:40,000
is to do the bicep curls nice and slow

314
00:11:44,310 --> 00:11:42,399
so as the robot's doing it because of

315
00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:44,320
your empathy and the monkey c monkey

316
00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:46,800
doability of the human you can almost

317
00:11:50,949 --> 00:11:49,040
feel what that robot is feeling

318
00:11:53,030 --> 00:11:50,959
you know what that would feel like

319
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:53,040
curling that weight

320
00:11:56,389 --> 00:11:54,880
and that's because that's the way humans

321
00:11:57,910 --> 00:11:56,399
work we look at other humans and we can

322
00:11:59,910 --> 00:11:57,920
kind of

323
00:12:01,509 --> 00:11:59,920
know what it would feel like if we were

324
00:12:03,509 --> 00:12:01,519
them

325
00:12:04,710 --> 00:12:03,519
that applies to this robot it is so

326
00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:04,720
human-like

327
00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:06,720
you have a good idea of what the forces

328
00:12:10,230 --> 00:12:08,240
are that are involved

329
00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:10,240
you can kind of feel the burn right as

330
00:12:19,670 --> 00:12:17,269
humans have greater peak strength and

331
00:12:21,509 --> 00:12:19,680
peak speed than a robonaut 2.

332
00:12:22,870 --> 00:12:21,519
now you for a robot to be your assistant

333
00:12:24,550 --> 00:12:22,880
you really don't want it to move too

334
00:12:26,949 --> 00:12:24,560
fast

335
00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:26,959
but a robonaut has more endurance than a

336
00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:29,279
human while it might not have the same

337
00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:31,760
peak strength or peak velocity

338
00:12:35,590 --> 00:12:34,000
it can do things much longer and that's

339
00:12:37,509 --> 00:12:35,600
what you would really want in an

340
00:12:38,470 --> 00:12:37,519
assistant if you ask the robot to hold

341
00:12:39,670 --> 00:12:38,480
something

342
00:12:42,230 --> 00:12:39,680
and then you were going to work on it

343
00:12:44,150 --> 00:12:42,240
for a while the robot would not complain

344
00:12:47,190 --> 00:12:44,160
if you asked it to hold it for 30

345
00:12:47,990 --> 00:12:47,200
minutes in the same position

346
00:12:52,710 --> 00:12:48,000
that

347
00:12:57,350 --> 00:12:54,470
and unlike some people it will put

348
00:12:59,829 --> 00:12:57,360
things back when it's done

349
00:13:01,030 --> 00:12:59,839
another very useful thing in having an

350
00:13:02,870 --> 00:13:01,040
assistant

351
00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:02,880
when you're done with an object

352
00:13:07,430 --> 00:13:05,120
it can put it back for you

353
00:13:09,350 --> 00:13:07,440
so it's strong uh you will not see most

354
00:13:10,870 --> 00:13:09,360
of the humanoids out there handling

355
00:13:12,389 --> 00:13:10,880
20-pound dumbbells

356
00:13:13,590 --> 00:13:12,399
most of them don't even really have

357
00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:13,600
fingers

358
00:13:18,310 --> 00:13:15,440
they do a lot of dancing and you know

359
00:13:20,550 --> 00:13:18,320
we're we're fine with that

360
00:13:22,629 --> 00:13:20,560
we could probably program robonaut to do

361
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:22,639
dancing but we're pretty sure

362
00:13:27,430 --> 00:13:24,720
no matter what dance move we would give

363
00:13:29,829 --> 00:13:27,440
it it would always do the robot

364
00:13:31,269 --> 00:13:29,839
for us it's more about doing work and

365
00:13:32,629 --> 00:13:31,279
that's why we really focused on the

366
00:13:34,870 --> 00:13:32,639
upper body

367
00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:34,880
so here it's doing a sequence uh it's

368
00:13:39,750 --> 00:13:37,680
running through some open space motion

369
00:13:41,509 --> 00:13:39,760
and now uh dr ron diffler is going to

370
00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:41,519
step into its workspace

371
00:13:46,230 --> 00:13:43,519
we call this the hitron demo

372
00:13:47,910 --> 00:13:46,240
and you see the robot stopped it paused

373
00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:47,920
it detected that ron had gotten in the

374
00:13:53,110 --> 00:13:50,000
way and then when he let it go

375
00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:53,120
it continued on with its sequence

376
00:13:57,750 --> 00:13:55,440
while it's pausing it's applying a very

377
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:57,760
light force it's trying to catch up

378
00:14:01,189 --> 00:13:59,199
and when it does it goes back to the

379
00:14:03,750 --> 00:14:01,199
motions that it's programmed to do so

380
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:03,760
this is running at the core of the robot

381
00:14:07,350 --> 00:14:06,000
every single time it moves if a person

382
00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:07,360
steps in the way

383
00:14:09,990 --> 00:14:08,959
and interferes with it

384
00:14:11,430 --> 00:14:10,000
nothing

385
00:14:13,350 --> 00:14:11,440
dangerous is going to happen the robot

386
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:13,360
will just pause and if you hit it really

387
00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:15,040
hard it'll stop completely and turn

388
00:14:18,790 --> 00:14:17,360
itself off so we have those two levels

389
00:14:20,389 --> 00:14:18,800
of safety

390
00:14:22,710 --> 00:14:20,399
they're always running whenever a

391
00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:22,720
robonaut is in motion

392
00:14:27,430 --> 00:14:25,040
working with our astronauts

393
00:14:31,590 --> 00:14:27,440
so move on to the next slide please i'll

394
00:14:36,069 --> 00:14:34,629
within each finger we've got tendons and

395
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:36,079
we have force

396
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:39,120
control where we're able to sense

397
00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:41,040
tendon forces and map that to finger

398
00:14:43,750 --> 00:14:42,399
finger forces

399
00:14:45,670 --> 00:14:43,760
we also have

400
00:14:48,150 --> 00:14:45,680
load cells on every phalange every

401
00:14:50,629 --> 00:14:48,160
finger bone so we can measure fingertip

402
00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:50,639
contact forces we can also resolve the

403
00:14:54,790 --> 00:14:52,480
direction of those contacts

404
00:14:55,829 --> 00:14:54,800
so we can understand and let the robot

405
00:14:58,150 --> 00:14:55,839
understand

406
00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:58,160
that it's made contact with an object

407
00:15:01,990 --> 00:15:00,160
and even use those fingers

408
00:15:03,590 --> 00:15:02,000
kind of like sensors to map out the

409
00:15:04,949 --> 00:15:03,600
shape of an object

410
00:15:06,550 --> 00:15:04,959
you'll see how that's important in a

411
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:06,560
minute

412
00:15:10,949 --> 00:15:09,839
we've mapped those tendons and tip force

413
00:15:14,150 --> 00:15:10,959
sensors

414
00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:14,160
into whole finger control modes that

415
00:15:18,389 --> 00:15:15,760
allow the robot to be given different

416
00:15:20,470 --> 00:15:18,399
things like a soft grasp or a hard grasp

417
00:15:22,710 --> 00:15:20,480
power grasp lots of different

418
00:15:26,069 --> 00:15:22,720
shapes of grasps the humans just really

419
00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:26,079
take for for granted

420
00:15:29,590 --> 00:15:28,240
this hand is a mechanical marvel it's a

421
00:15:32,389 --> 00:15:29,600
mechatronic marvel because it's

422
00:15:34,150 --> 00:15:32,399
integrated with electronics as well

423
00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:34,160
it has some things that humans just take

424
00:15:38,710 --> 00:15:36,160
for granted but that you don't see in a

425
00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:38,720
lot of robot hands it actually has palms

426
00:15:42,870 --> 00:15:41,040
most robot hands only have grippers to

427
00:15:44,629 --> 00:15:42,880
grab things between fingers they don't

428
00:15:45,509 --> 00:15:44,639
envelop objects and bring them into a

429
00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:45,519
palm

430
00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:46,959
the second thing that this robot has

431
00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:49,279
that's unusual is a soft covering we

432
00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:51,920
take that for granted as humans we have

433
00:15:55,430 --> 00:15:53,920
skin and sometimes we put other layers

434
00:15:57,030 --> 00:15:55,440
on called gloves

435
00:15:58,949 --> 00:15:57,040
if you look at most robot hands they're

436
00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:58,959
hard steel fingers

437
00:16:01,829 --> 00:16:00,800
you would not ever want them to grab an

438
00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:01,839
object

439
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:03,519
and then have an astronaut grab that

440
00:16:07,749 --> 00:16:05,600
object later if it was an object that

441
00:16:09,749 --> 00:16:07,759
was made out of aluminum or steel

442
00:16:12,069 --> 00:16:09,759
those hard fingers might leave a burr or

443
00:16:13,910 --> 00:16:12,079
a nick on that object that could later

444
00:16:15,670 --> 00:16:13,920
cut the astronaut's glove

445
00:16:17,269 --> 00:16:15,680
what we want is to have a robot that

446
00:16:19,509 --> 00:16:17,279
does not cause nicks and burrs in the

447
00:16:21,189 --> 00:16:19,519
environment and will be safe to handle

448
00:16:22,710 --> 00:16:21,199
the same objects that we'll ask

449
00:16:24,389 --> 00:16:22,720
astronauts to handle

450
00:16:25,509 --> 00:16:24,399
the skin is also really important for

451
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:25,519
friction

452
00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:27,360
we can put different kinds of materials

453
00:16:31,990 --> 00:16:28,160
in

454
00:16:33,990 --> 00:16:32,000
palm

455
00:16:35,829 --> 00:16:34,000
polymer surfaces fingers different

456
00:16:38,310 --> 00:16:35,839
levels of different coefficients of

457
00:16:39,590 --> 00:16:38,320
friction to allow to grasp objects more

458
00:16:41,829 --> 00:16:39,600
completely

459
00:16:43,110 --> 00:16:41,839
and also a little cushioning

460
00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:43,120
gives some give

461
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:44,880
and allows the robot to have both a very

462
00:16:49,509 --> 00:16:47,920
delicate fine force resolution yet still

463
00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:49,519
be tough enough to really get a white

464
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:52,480
knuckle grasp on an object

465
00:16:57,350 --> 00:16:54,639
i'm going to show you a couple

466
00:16:58,790 --> 00:16:57,360
video clips here that demonstrate how we

467
00:17:01,590 --> 00:16:58,800
take advantage of that

468
00:17:04,150 --> 00:17:01,600
so please play the next video please

469
00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:04,160
so this shows the robot hand kind of

470
00:17:09,110 --> 00:17:07,120
groping an object it's a flexible

471
00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:09,120
material that's got a bump in it the

472
00:17:14,390 --> 00:17:11,760
robot is basically scanning the object

473
00:17:16,390 --> 00:17:14,400
using its sensors to map out the 3d

474
00:17:17,829 --> 00:17:16,400
shape of that object

475
00:17:19,669 --> 00:17:17,839
you wouldn't need to do this every time

476
00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:19,679
but once it's learned

477
00:17:23,990 --> 00:17:21,919
the feel of the object it could apply

478
00:17:25,429 --> 00:17:24,000
that so it grabs the object it

479
00:17:28,390 --> 00:17:25,439
immediately knows where it is and that

480
00:17:29,909 --> 00:17:28,400
can now put its thumb in that divot

481
00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:29,919
by having first

482
00:17:34,310 --> 00:17:32,400
familiarized itself with the object

483
00:17:36,710 --> 00:17:34,320
it's able to now do that automatically

484
00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:36,720
when it just first makes contact to

485
00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:39,039
immediately know where it is and slide

486
00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:40,799
its thumb into position

487
00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:42,160
as far as we know this is the first

488
00:17:53,590 --> 00:17:47,590
okay um

489
00:17:57,909 --> 00:17:55,830
oh

490
00:17:59,590 --> 00:17:57,919
okay well that's fine we can play this

491
00:18:02,549 --> 00:17:59,600
video so no we're now going to talk

492
00:18:04,710 --> 00:18:02,559
about the future for the robonaut system

493
00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:04,720
this is the very recent past

494
00:18:09,270 --> 00:18:07,120
the robonaut 2b system was processed at

495
00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:09,280
the kennedy space center

496
00:18:15,510 --> 00:18:12,480
being prepared to be packed in the mplm

497
00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:15,520
so this is a time lapse video showing

498
00:18:19,669 --> 00:18:17,760
the technicians both robonaut engineers

499
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:19,679
and the kennedy

500
00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:20,880
workforce

501
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:22,960
integrating the robot in its packing

502
00:18:25,830 --> 00:18:24,160
container

503
00:18:30,150 --> 00:18:25,840
that's then loaded inside yet another

504
00:18:34,390 --> 00:18:32,230
you can imagine after 15 years working

505
00:18:35,190 --> 00:18:34,400
on the project how excited the engineers

506
00:18:36,870 --> 00:18:35,200
were

507
00:18:39,270 --> 00:18:36,880
to participate in getting to load up

508
00:18:43,029 --> 00:18:39,280
this robot and prepare it for a ride

509
00:18:53,669 --> 00:18:45,430
it's in that same tucked position like

510
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:56,390
station team built a terrific

511
00:19:01,029 --> 00:18:58,160
protective cage

512
00:19:03,270 --> 00:19:01,039
that packs the robot in foam

513
00:19:05,190 --> 00:19:03,280
and then that box itself

514
00:19:09,430 --> 00:19:05,200
as you'll see is encapsulated in another

515
00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:16,470
and we didn't skimp on the screws

516
00:19:20,310 --> 00:19:17,590
now there's actually a couple other

517
00:19:21,590 --> 00:19:20,320
robots involved here that one's a crane

518
00:19:22,710 --> 00:19:21,600
people don't normally think of it as a

519
00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:22,720
robot

520
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:25,280
but the next one you'll see

521
00:19:29,029 --> 00:19:27,280
most people would probably

522
00:19:30,470 --> 00:19:29,039
call it a robot

523
00:19:32,630 --> 00:19:30,480
it's a very large machine that's going

524
00:19:42,310 --> 00:19:32,640
to reach out and grab this

525
00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:44,710
so there the robonaut box is being

526
00:19:54,630 --> 00:19:46,480
encapsulated in yet another layer of

527
00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:56,789
and now this enormous robot arm is going

528
00:20:05,350 --> 00:19:58,640
to pick up the little robot

529
00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:06,630
okay

530
00:20:08,789 --> 00:20:08,080
so you can imagine trying to reach into

531
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:08,799
a

532
00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:51,760
obviously we're very excited to get our

533
00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:53,520
2b sent to station

534
00:20:57,029 --> 00:20:54,880
we've been working on some other lower

535
00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:57,039
bodies that are of interest for

536
00:21:01,909 --> 00:20:59,280
future applications we'd like to add

537
00:21:03,350 --> 00:21:01,919
legs to the r2b system so they could

538
00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:03,360
climb around on the inside of the space

539
00:21:07,190 --> 00:21:04,960
station

540
00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:07,200
again we don't want to just have to

541
00:21:10,710 --> 00:21:09,280
bring work to it we would like once

542
00:21:13,029 --> 00:21:10,720
we've

543
00:21:14,789 --> 00:21:13,039
shown the robot's ability to do work to

544
00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:14,799
free it up to climb around on the inside

545
00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:16,720
of the station and go to where the

546
00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:18,480
action is

547
00:21:22,870 --> 00:21:20,320
solving problems with the crew

548
00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:22,880
we've identified a number of tasks that

549
00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:24,880
we think are appropriate for the robot

550
00:21:29,430 --> 00:21:26,720
it's being shipped with a task board

551
00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:29,440
that's basically a test apparatus that

552
00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:32,400
has a lot of different interfaces on it

553
00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:34,720
it has switches and latches and valves

554
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:35,919
and

555
00:21:42,710 --> 00:21:40,799
interfaces that the

556
00:21:43,750 --> 00:21:42,720
the astronauts use on a daily basis in

557
00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:43,760
space

558
00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:44,880
we're going to practice using the

559
00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:46,480
robonaut 2 system on each of those

560
00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:48,640
interfaces we have a similar system here

561
00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:49,840
on the ground

562
00:21:53,909 --> 00:21:51,760
and we will of course try everything

563
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:53,919
first on a ground robot

564
00:21:58,630 --> 00:21:56,080
but the questions remain as to how the

565
00:22:00,789 --> 00:21:58,640
robot will work in zero gravity

566
00:22:02,070 --> 00:22:00,799
will all those interfaces work the same

567
00:22:03,029 --> 00:22:02,080
when there's no gravity load on the

568
00:22:05,510 --> 00:22:03,039
robot

569
00:22:07,990 --> 00:22:05,520
and we'll compare the gravity results

570
00:22:11,270 --> 00:22:08,000
with the zero gravity results from the

571
00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:13,350
we're also looking at some

572
00:22:17,830 --> 00:22:15,440
surface applications

573
00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:17,840
we've got a new wheeled base

574
00:22:22,070 --> 00:22:20,480
that we've developed called centaur 2 an

575
00:22:23,669 --> 00:22:22,080
upgrade to the

576
00:22:26,149 --> 00:22:23,679
the ride we built for the robonaut 1

577
00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:26,159
series the centaur 2 was recently taken

578
00:22:31,029 --> 00:22:28,960
out to desert rats one of our

579
00:22:33,190 --> 00:22:31,039
analog field test programs

580
00:22:34,390 --> 00:22:33,200
where i was given a shakeout cruise and

581
00:22:36,149 --> 00:22:34,400
that base

582
00:22:37,909 --> 00:22:36,159
shown there in the center

583
00:22:39,909 --> 00:22:37,919
really proved its metal it's going to be

584
00:22:41,510 --> 00:22:39,919
a fantastic little rover for the

585
00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:41,520
robonaut to ride on

586
00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:42,240
and

587
00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:44,480
might be the precursor robot of the

588
00:22:47,990 --> 00:22:45,760
future

589
00:22:49,510 --> 00:22:48,000
able to go out ahead of astronauts and

590
00:22:50,390 --> 00:22:49,520
explore worlds before the humans get

591
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:50,400
there

592
00:22:56,390 --> 00:22:54,000
and or maybe be left behind as a

593
00:22:57,750 --> 00:22:56,400
caretaker we're also looking at legs and

594
00:22:59,190 --> 00:22:57,760
other wheeled bases that might be

595
00:23:00,470 --> 00:22:59,200
appropriate

596
00:23:02,149 --> 00:23:00,480
and throughout the history of the

597
00:23:03,350 --> 00:23:02,159
robonaut team

598
00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:03,360
considering

599
00:23:08,070 --> 00:23:05,200
lots of different lower body options has

600
00:23:10,310 --> 00:23:08,080
been our philosophy it's allowed us to

601
00:23:12,549 --> 00:23:10,320
adapt the system to different kind of

602
00:23:14,870 --> 00:23:12,559
worlds different gravity levels and find

603
00:23:16,470 --> 00:23:14,880
the right mobility for the application

604
00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:16,480
but at the same time allow us to stay

605
00:23:20,630 --> 00:23:18,480
focused on the upper body the part of

606
00:23:22,070 --> 00:23:20,640
the robonaut that really does the work

607
00:23:23,830 --> 00:23:22,080
that's what the robonaut program is all

608
00:23:26,630 --> 00:23:23,840
about

609
00:23:28,390 --> 00:23:26,640
we have one last video it's kind of a

610
00:23:30,710 --> 00:23:28,400
vision of the future

611
00:23:34,230 --> 00:23:30,720
we would like to take the robonaut 2

612
00:23:35,909 --> 00:23:34,240
system outside once we

613
00:23:36,950 --> 00:23:35,919
add legs to the system so that it can

614
00:23:38,789 --> 00:23:36,960
climb

615
00:23:41,190 --> 00:23:38,799
we would like to go outside with the

616
00:23:42,149 --> 00:23:41,200
robonaut and help the crew with eva

617
00:23:43,830 --> 00:23:42,159
tasks

618
00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:43,840
just like it'll be helping with iva

619
00:23:52,149 --> 00:23:45,840
tasks in this coming year if we could

620
00:23:57,269 --> 00:23:54,549
so pretty amazing rock climbing right

621
00:23:59,029 --> 00:23:57,279
zero g rock climbing but you'd still

622
00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:59,039
like to have a leg or some kind of

623
00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:01,360
stabilizing appendage

624
00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:05,200
to free the hands to do work

625
00:24:07,990 --> 00:24:06,960
because we've certified it for indoor

626
00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:08,000
work

627
00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:09,440
with toxicity and flammability

628
00:24:13,029 --> 00:24:11,440
certifications we've really built an

629
00:24:14,630 --> 00:24:13,039
indoor outdoor robot

630
00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:14,640
so it might just go in and out through

631
00:24:20,470 --> 00:24:18,480
the airlock like the astronauts do

632
00:24:22,789 --> 00:24:20,480
but unlike the astronauts it could be

633
00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:22,799
left out indefinitely

634
00:24:26,149 --> 00:24:24,720
and available for emergencies like

635
00:24:29,029 --> 00:24:26,159
patching leaks

636
00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:29,039
or other emergencies that

637
00:24:33,269 --> 00:24:31,120
have to be dealt with immediately

638
00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:33,279
while waiting for astronauts to go eva

639
00:24:36,710 --> 00:24:35,520
and come out to help

640
00:24:38,789 --> 00:24:36,720
so that's been the vision for the

641
00:24:40,310 --> 00:24:38,799
robonaut system working safely with

642
00:24:42,149 --> 00:24:40,320
humans

643
00:24:43,909 --> 00:24:42,159
for over 15 years

644
00:24:44,789 --> 00:24:43,919
it's a dream come true to get to launch

645
00:24:46,390 --> 00:24:44,799
one

646
00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:46,400
i can't tell you how we're how excited

647
00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:47,360
we are

648
00:24:51,510 --> 00:24:49,840
uh all the robonaut engineers have

649
00:24:54,149 --> 00:24:51,520
looked forward to this day

650
00:24:57,029 --> 00:24:54,159
for many years and i applaud them for

651
00:24:58,310 --> 00:24:57,039
their uh patience and persistence and

652
00:25:00,710 --> 00:24:58,320
all the hard work that's gone into

653
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:00,720
making this possible

654
00:25:04,549 --> 00:25:02,799
at this point i think we're ready for

655
00:25:06,230 --> 00:25:04,559
questions okay we'll start here with

656
00:25:07,909 --> 00:25:06,240
questions here at the johnson space

657
00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:07,919
center then take questions at other

658
00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:13,430
hi robert perlman with collectspace.com

659
00:25:17,590 --> 00:25:15,279
with a couple of questions

660
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:17,600
first given how packed up it is in

661
00:25:21,029 --> 00:25:19,279
multiple layers of foam and screws and

662
00:25:22,789 --> 00:25:21,039
such how long will it take the

663
00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:22,799
astronauts to unpack

664
00:25:26,310 --> 00:25:24,799
we think a

665
00:25:27,190 --> 00:25:26,320
couple hours

666
00:25:28,870 --> 00:25:27,200
should

667
00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:28,880
unpack the system there'll be a lot of

668
00:25:32,070 --> 00:25:30,880
screws they have to keep track of

669
00:25:36,070 --> 00:25:32,080
but uh

670
00:25:37,110 --> 00:25:36,080
it's not that hard to un unpack it

671
00:25:39,750 --> 00:25:37,120
and um

672
00:25:42,870 --> 00:25:39,760
with the example that was given on

673
00:25:48,630 --> 00:25:42,880
the um the hit and dawn i guess um with

674
00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:52,070
the uh

675
00:25:56,149 --> 00:25:54,310
ron was on earth with gravity anchoring

676
00:25:57,510 --> 00:25:56,159
him to the ground if an astronaut was

677
00:25:59,510 --> 00:25:57,520
free-floating

678
00:26:01,110 --> 00:25:59,520
and that and an arm were to come in

679
00:26:03,029 --> 00:26:01,120
place does the small pressure that you

680
00:26:05,350 --> 00:26:03,039
mentioned does that have enough force to

681
00:26:06,390 --> 00:26:05,360
push the astronaut back so this is one

682
00:26:08,950 --> 00:26:06,400
of the things that we're going to be

683
00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:08,960
experimenting with on earth we've set

684
00:26:12,070 --> 00:26:10,400
the thresholds

685
00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:12,080
where it will pause

686
00:26:16,549 --> 00:26:14,240
at you know just a couple pounds and

687
00:26:19,190 --> 00:26:16,559
then thresholds for it completely safe

688
00:26:21,110 --> 00:26:19,200
in itself a little deeper than that

689
00:26:22,390 --> 00:26:21,120
but those forces

690
00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:22,400
are

691
00:26:26,149 --> 00:26:24,400
kind of biased by all the gravity loads

692
00:26:29,350 --> 00:26:26,159
that the robot feels

693
00:26:30,870 --> 00:26:29,360
when we get into zero g all the gravity

694
00:26:33,269 --> 00:26:30,880
loads go away

695
00:26:35,350 --> 00:26:33,279
so if it feels a contact it feels loads

696
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:35,360
it's really contact so we should be able

697
00:26:39,350 --> 00:26:38,000
to dial down those thresholds to an even

698
00:26:40,310 --> 00:26:39,360
finer level

699
00:26:42,710 --> 00:26:40,320
so

700
00:26:45,269 --> 00:26:42,720
we can't simulate that on earth you know

701
00:26:47,510 --> 00:26:45,279
we don't really have a zero g chamber

702
00:26:49,110 --> 00:26:47,520
so it's part of the reason we have to do

703
00:26:51,430 --> 00:26:49,120
this in space

704
00:26:52,390 --> 00:26:51,440
is to experimentally lower those

705
00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:52,400
thresholds

706
00:26:57,269 --> 00:26:54,640
and make it finer and finer to see how

707
00:26:59,830 --> 00:26:57,279
low we can go how light of a force could

708
00:27:01,669 --> 00:26:59,840
the robot detect and still pause

709
00:27:02,950 --> 00:27:01,679
that's part of one of our experimental

710
00:27:04,390 --> 00:27:02,960
objectives

711
00:27:06,230 --> 00:27:04,400
on earth we're

712
00:27:07,669 --> 00:27:06,240
on the order of like one or two pounds

713
00:27:11,669 --> 00:27:07,679
to move it around

714
00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:14,549
uh mark caro for aviation mark

715
00:27:18,870 --> 00:27:15,520
hi

716
00:27:20,389 --> 00:27:18,880
um can you tell us what the plan is for

717
00:27:22,710 --> 00:27:20,399
unpacking

718
00:27:24,630 --> 00:27:22,720
robonaut in terms of time frame will it

719
00:27:27,350 --> 00:27:24,640
happen on this mission or

720
00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:27,360
or some weeks away and what do you sort

721
00:27:32,310 --> 00:27:28,880
of anticipate

722
00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:32,320
being the first series of activities

723
00:27:36,149 --> 00:27:34,559
that you would do as far as testing or

724
00:27:37,909 --> 00:27:36,159
operating or

725
00:27:39,269 --> 00:27:37,919
shaking down or however

726
00:27:40,630 --> 00:27:39,279
well the crew are busy you know we're

727
00:27:43,510 --> 00:27:40,640
scheduling when it will be unpacked

728
00:27:45,269 --> 00:27:43,520
it'll be long after the shuttle has left

729
00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:45,279
uh we're hoping for a good christmas

730
00:27:47,029 --> 00:27:46,240
present

731
00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:47,039
uh

732
00:27:51,190 --> 00:27:48,799
around christmas time maybe early

733
00:27:53,029 --> 00:27:51,200
january we have a whole series of tests

734
00:27:54,870 --> 00:27:53,039
that we would like to do

735
00:27:57,510 --> 00:27:54,880
the first is just a

736
00:27:58,470 --> 00:27:57,520
a power up test and watch the levels and

737
00:28:01,350 --> 00:27:58,480
make sure

738
00:28:03,669 --> 00:28:01,360
that everything came up

739
00:28:05,350 --> 00:28:03,679
as we expected and then a whole series

740
00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:05,360
of kind of incrementally

741
00:28:07,909 --> 00:28:06,880
turning on more and more parts of the

742
00:28:09,510 --> 00:28:07,919
robot

743
00:28:11,909 --> 00:28:09,520
and verifying that

744
00:28:12,710 --> 00:28:11,919
uh the robot is health healthy

745
00:28:15,269 --> 00:28:12,720
and

746
00:28:16,710 --> 00:28:15,279
that the the current levels are the same

747
00:28:18,389 --> 00:28:16,720
as they were measured at kennedy right

748
00:28:20,070 --> 00:28:18,399
before it was packed

749
00:28:21,510 --> 00:28:20,080
so a whole series of those kind of

750
00:28:24,310 --> 00:28:21,520
checkouts

751
00:28:26,710 --> 00:28:24,320
the robot is designed with a base

752
00:28:28,070 --> 00:28:26,720
stanchion pedestal so it could be set up

753
00:28:29,669 --> 00:28:28,080
pretty quickly

754
00:28:31,350 --> 00:28:29,679
and the astronauts can set it up or

755
00:28:34,789 --> 00:28:31,360
leave it up

756
00:28:39,990 --> 00:28:37,510
over the this year we've got a whole

757
00:28:41,669 --> 00:28:40,000
series of task board experiments once

758
00:28:43,830 --> 00:28:41,679
we've checked out the robot we'll kind

759
00:28:46,149 --> 00:28:43,840
of work our way across the task board

760
00:28:48,630 --> 00:28:46,159
from some of the simpler interfaces to

761
00:28:51,269 --> 00:28:48,640
the more progressively complicated ones

762
00:28:52,630 --> 00:28:51,279
finishing handling flexible fabrics

763
00:28:54,549 --> 00:28:52,640
something that robots really don't do

764
00:28:56,710 --> 00:28:54,559
well but that robonaut is really well

765
00:28:58,389 --> 00:28:56,720
designed to handle

766
00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:58,399
so we'll kind of progress our way across

767
00:29:01,430 --> 00:28:59,840
the task board

768
00:29:02,870 --> 00:29:01,440
then we've got a couple tasks that we've

769
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:02,880
been thinking of

770
00:29:06,389 --> 00:29:05,120
that we would like to mock up on that

771
00:29:07,669 --> 00:29:06,399
task board

772
00:29:09,430 --> 00:29:07,679
and here we'll probably want to take

773
00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:09,440
advantage of equipment that's already on

774
00:29:13,830 --> 00:29:12,159
station and have the astronauts bring it

775
00:29:15,110 --> 00:29:13,840
to the task board

776
00:29:17,909 --> 00:29:15,120
uh two

777
00:29:19,190 --> 00:29:17,919
tasks that have been identified

778
00:29:21,269 --> 00:29:19,200
are both house

779
00:29:23,269 --> 00:29:21,279
housekeeping tasks

780
00:29:26,389 --> 00:29:23,279
for 20 years i've asked people if you

781
00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:26,399
had a robot what would you do with it

782
00:29:30,230 --> 00:29:28,480
and very consistently

783
00:29:32,549 --> 00:29:30,240
i've asked that question

784
00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:32,559
and if kids i get two answers

785
00:29:35,669 --> 00:29:34,080
they first say i would i would like it

786
00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:35,679
to do my homework

787
00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:37,520
and then the second answer is

788
00:29:41,029 --> 00:29:39,279
and then clean their room

789
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:41,039
when i ask adults

790
00:29:44,870 --> 00:29:43,440
they always say cleaning

791
00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:44,880
and then they usually mention either

792
00:29:48,310 --> 00:29:46,720
kitchen or bathroom

793
00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:48,320
very consistently i've asked that

794
00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:49,200
question

795
00:29:51,669 --> 00:29:50,799
if you had a robot what would you have

796
00:29:55,190 --> 00:29:51,679
it do

797
00:29:57,190 --> 00:29:55,200
for over 20 years and house cleaning is

798
00:29:59,590 --> 00:29:57,200
at the top of the list

799
00:30:01,190 --> 00:29:59,600
so there are two that we're looking at

800
00:30:03,669 --> 00:30:01,200
the astronauts have to wipe down the

801
00:30:06,549 --> 00:30:03,679
handrails inside the space station with

802
00:30:09,029 --> 00:30:06,559
some wet wipes once a week just to

803
00:30:09,830 --> 00:30:09,039
for hygiene reasons not to pass germs

804
00:30:11,750 --> 00:30:09,840
and

805
00:30:13,750 --> 00:30:11,760
develop biofilms

806
00:30:15,830 --> 00:30:13,760
what a great job for the robot where the

807
00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:15,840
astronauts might be able to do it in a

808
00:30:21,510 --> 00:30:19,990
wouldn't it be great if the robot was

809
00:30:22,870 --> 00:30:21,520
just always doing that working its way

810
00:30:24,310 --> 00:30:22,880
around the station always kind of

811
00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:24,320
cleaning

812
00:30:28,870 --> 00:30:26,640
another is vacuuming the air filters all

813
00:30:30,870 --> 00:30:28,880
the electronics racks have these air

814
00:30:33,110 --> 00:30:30,880
filters so as they're bringing air

815
00:30:35,190 --> 00:30:33,120
through the racks to cool it the filters

816
00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:35,200
capture particulates and keep it from

817
00:30:39,110 --> 00:30:37,520
going inside the electronics the crew

818
00:30:41,190 --> 00:30:39,120
have to go around and pull out these air

819
00:30:43,269 --> 00:30:41,200
filters and then with a separate vacuum

820
00:30:44,389 --> 00:30:43,279
cleaner vacuum out each of those air

821
00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:44,399
filters

822
00:30:48,149 --> 00:30:46,480
another very tedious task

823
00:30:50,549 --> 00:30:48,159
i'd much rather give the crew their

824
00:30:52,470 --> 00:30:50,559
saturday mornings back if we could let

825
00:30:54,870 --> 00:30:52,480
the robot do those house cleaning

826
00:30:57,509 --> 00:30:54,880
housekeeping tasks

827
00:30:59,590 --> 00:30:57,519
what a great thing to give the crew back

828
00:31:01,190 --> 00:30:59,600
and i think it fits with

829
00:31:03,590 --> 00:31:01,200
terrestrial models for what robots

830
00:31:05,669 --> 00:31:03,600
should do helping people

831
00:31:07,750 --> 00:31:05,679
we're looking for more tasks though and

832
00:31:09,750 --> 00:31:07,760
it might be the the crew are our best

833
00:31:12,310 --> 00:31:09,760
source of ideas

834
00:31:13,750 --> 00:31:12,320
i'd like to say that the sts-133 crew

835
00:31:15,909 --> 00:31:13,760
has been terrific

836
00:31:17,590 --> 00:31:15,919
in embracing robonaut

837
00:31:19,029 --> 00:31:17,600
on this ride to station

838
00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:19,039
and we've been working with some of the

839
00:31:23,190 --> 00:31:20,640
astronauts that will be working with it

840
00:31:25,190 --> 00:31:23,200
on station

841
00:31:27,350 --> 00:31:25,200
they've got a great attitude thinking

842
00:31:29,269 --> 00:31:27,360
about what the robot could do

843
00:31:32,389 --> 00:31:29,279
embracing this new idea

844
00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:32,399
and being very creative about applying

845
00:31:36,230 --> 00:31:34,720
the technology to future missions

846
00:31:38,389 --> 00:31:36,240
i'm really looking to them to come up

847
00:31:40,389 --> 00:31:38,399
with the next tasks for what the robot

848
00:31:41,430 --> 00:31:40,399
could do they'll be living with it

849
00:31:43,509 --> 00:31:41,440
they'll have a lot of time with the

850
00:31:47,110 --> 00:31:43,519
robot and i'm really excited about what

851
00:31:49,029 --> 00:31:47,120
they will come up with as experimenters

852
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:49,039
thanks could you just talk about turning

853
00:31:52,789 --> 00:31:50,880
it on do you turn it on once and leave

854
00:31:54,389 --> 00:31:52,799
it on forever or do you turn him on and

855
00:31:55,750 --> 00:31:54,399
if you do how long does it take and if

856
00:31:57,190 --> 00:31:55,760
you turn them off how long does that

857
00:31:59,110 --> 00:31:57,200
take

858
00:32:01,350 --> 00:31:59,120
they come up pretty quickly

859
00:32:02,789 --> 00:32:01,360
there's a console that looks remarkably

860
00:32:05,269 --> 00:32:02,799
like your laptop

861
00:32:06,710 --> 00:32:05,279
that is set up that is used to operate

862
00:32:09,350 --> 00:32:06,720
the robot

863
00:32:10,630 --> 00:32:09,360
it comes up in just a matter of minutes

864
00:32:11,909 --> 00:32:10,640
and it goes down

865
00:32:13,269 --> 00:32:11,919
much quickly

866
00:32:15,430 --> 00:32:13,279
than that

867
00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:15,440
in an emergency it shuts off itself off

868
00:32:18,070 --> 00:32:16,480
instantly

869
00:32:20,070 --> 00:32:18,080
but normally it takes a couple minutes

870
00:32:21,590 --> 00:32:20,080
to turn it off and bring its power

871
00:32:24,710 --> 00:32:21,600
levels down

872
00:32:26,389 --> 00:32:24,720
we will likely bring it up and

873
00:32:28,070 --> 00:32:26,399
use it for a session and then turn it

874
00:32:29,430 --> 00:32:28,080
off

875
00:32:31,509 --> 00:32:29,440
one of the things that we've always done

876
00:32:33,430 --> 00:32:31,519
with our robots is we've had an

877
00:32:35,669 --> 00:32:33,440
emergency stop switch

878
00:32:37,909 --> 00:32:35,679
that we've used to

879
00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:37,919
just be safe

880
00:32:41,029 --> 00:32:39,600
because of the three levels of safety

881
00:32:43,110 --> 00:32:41,039
software we are not going to need to use

882
00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:43,120
that switch so we're not going to waste

883
00:32:46,549 --> 00:32:44,960
an astronaut having to float through

884
00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:46,559
with their thumb on a button

885
00:32:49,509 --> 00:32:47,840
the whole time

886
00:32:52,950 --> 00:32:49,519
we really trust the robot to do the

887
00:32:55,350 --> 00:32:52,960
right thing and to be safe

888
00:32:57,350 --> 00:32:55,360
that said you know that the astronauts

889
00:32:59,669 --> 00:32:57,360
will be able to operate the robot or

890
00:33:02,389 --> 00:32:59,679
conduct experiments with the robot or

891
00:33:07,029 --> 00:33:02,399
just turn it on and let people

892
00:33:11,509 --> 00:33:09,029
eric berger with the houston chronicle

893
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:11,519
um so in a year or two as you sort of

894
00:33:15,750 --> 00:33:13,679
get into the shake out the robot and get

895
00:33:20,950 --> 00:33:15,760
to the experimental phase what

896
00:33:25,669 --> 00:33:23,350
so we've kind of laid out an evolution

897
00:33:28,549 --> 00:33:25,679
where the robot will first

898
00:33:31,509 --> 00:33:28,559
demonstrate its ability to do

899
00:33:34,389 --> 00:33:31,519
tasks with its hands in zero g

900
00:33:37,110 --> 00:33:34,399
for us that will be mission success

901
00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:37,120
but for the robot to really be useful it

902
00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:38,880
will have to be mobile so they can go

903
00:33:41,430 --> 00:33:39,760
around

904
00:33:43,590 --> 00:33:41,440
and do work

905
00:33:45,190 --> 00:33:43,600
so from a technology standpoint

906
00:33:47,190 --> 00:33:45,200
demonstrating the ability to handle all

907
00:33:50,630 --> 00:33:47,200
these interfaces in xero g

908
00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:50,640
is really our our engineering objective

909
00:33:54,950 --> 00:33:52,640
from a practical standpoint

910
00:33:57,110 --> 00:33:54,960
having the robot really pay its own way

911
00:33:58,710 --> 00:33:57,120
it needs to be mobile so that it can

912
00:34:01,430 --> 00:33:58,720
climb around station

913
00:34:03,669 --> 00:34:01,440
and do work wherever the work is found

914
00:34:06,870 --> 00:34:03,679
so the evolution is uh this year it'll

915
00:34:09,430 --> 00:34:06,880
be mounted fixed on its pedestal

916
00:34:11,270 --> 00:34:09,440
next year we're looking to

917
00:34:13,349 --> 00:34:11,280
send up legs so that it could be

918
00:34:15,750 --> 00:34:13,359
upgraded to go mobile

919
00:34:17,109 --> 00:34:15,760
and we would like the year after that to

920
00:34:19,589 --> 00:34:17,119
send up a

921
00:34:21,109 --> 00:34:19,599
torso upgrade computer upgrade in its

922
00:34:23,589 --> 00:34:21,119
chest

923
00:34:25,750 --> 00:34:23,599
to allow it to go eva

924
00:34:27,750 --> 00:34:25,760
allow it to go outside into the thermal

925
00:34:29,589 --> 00:34:27,760
vacuum environment of space

926
00:34:30,550 --> 00:34:29,599
so that's the the evolution

927
00:34:33,030 --> 00:34:30,560
from a

928
00:34:34,470 --> 00:34:33,040
engineering standpoint the zero-g

929
00:34:37,829 --> 00:34:34,480
manipulation

930
00:34:39,270 --> 00:34:37,839
is really our primary objective

931
00:34:41,270 --> 00:34:39,280
and just a quick follow-up could the

932
00:34:42,950 --> 00:34:41,280
legs and the torso i mean that's a

933
00:34:44,069 --> 00:34:42,960
pretty sizable thing go up on progress

934
00:34:46,230 --> 00:34:44,079
or how would you get that there are a

935
00:34:50,790 --> 00:34:46,240
lot of options we've explored they would

936
00:34:55,990 --> 00:34:53,109
smaller packages we've looked at

937
00:34:57,430 --> 00:34:56,000
progress htv atv and maybe future

938
00:34:59,910 --> 00:34:57,440
commercial

939
00:35:03,270 --> 00:34:59,920
options for launching robonaut parts

940
00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:03,280
upgrade parts in the future

941
00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:06,000
thank you hi uh greg dobbs with hdnet

942
00:35:09,030 --> 00:35:07,200
television

943
00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:09,040
two questions please number one the

944
00:35:12,870 --> 00:35:11,520
long-term task goal she talked about

945
00:35:13,829 --> 00:35:12,880
what it can do and those are really

946
00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:13,839
tests

947
00:35:19,109 --> 00:35:16,400
to utilize it in the station but

948
00:35:21,670 --> 00:35:19,119
deeper into space you said

949
00:35:24,310 --> 00:35:21,680
generally maybe it will enter worlds

950
00:35:26,390 --> 00:35:24,320
that are unexplored before man goes in

951
00:35:28,069 --> 00:35:26,400
can you be more elaborate about your

952
00:35:30,790 --> 00:35:28,079
long-term goals and long-term

953
00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:30,800
capabilities

954
00:35:34,950 --> 00:35:32,240
so for robots that are designed to work

955
00:35:35,829 --> 00:35:34,960
with humans they're really three phases

956
00:35:38,069 --> 00:35:35,839
of

957
00:35:41,829 --> 00:35:38,079
exploration the first phase is where the

958
00:35:44,630 --> 00:35:42,710
then

959
00:35:47,750 --> 00:35:44,640
second phase is while the humans are at

960
00:35:51,829 --> 00:35:50,069
the robot's working with humans

961
00:35:55,030 --> 00:35:51,839
typically those phases of emission would

962
00:35:57,510 --> 00:35:55,040
be short maybe weeks or months

963
00:35:59,589 --> 00:35:57,520
and then either in between human crews

964
00:36:01,990 --> 00:35:59,599
going back to the same site

965
00:36:05,349 --> 00:36:04,069
where the humans never returned to that

966
00:36:07,030 --> 00:36:05,359
site

967
00:36:09,510 --> 00:36:07,040
in either case the robot would be left

968
00:36:12,230 --> 00:36:09,520
behind as a caretaker

969
00:36:14,470 --> 00:36:12,240
to run longer term experiments

970
00:36:16,470 --> 00:36:14,480
maybe set up by the crew and then tended

971
00:36:18,230 --> 00:36:16,480
by the robot so those are really the

972
00:36:21,750 --> 00:36:18,240
three phases where a robot could help

973
00:36:23,829 --> 00:36:21,760
humans as precursors to human missions

974
00:36:26,870 --> 00:36:23,839
during the human phase of the mission

975
00:36:30,230 --> 00:36:26,880
and then following human phases

976
00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:30,240
as caretakers or experiment tenders

977
00:36:34,550 --> 00:36:32,240
this robot with

978
00:36:36,950 --> 00:36:34,560
different lower bodies is applicable to

979
00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:36,960
many destinations

980
00:36:41,190 --> 00:36:39,520
we're obviously starting with in space

981
00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:41,200
where it's going to be working in a zero

982
00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:44,720
g environment zero gravity environment

983
00:36:48,950 --> 00:36:46,880
we've been testing them to date in a 1g

984
00:36:51,349 --> 00:36:48,960
earth gravity environment

985
00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:51,359
so basically any planet with gravity up

986
00:36:54,630 --> 00:36:52,720
to earth's

987
00:36:56,230 --> 00:36:54,640
we think we can handle

988
00:36:58,630 --> 00:36:56,240
so that would include

989
00:37:00,150 --> 00:36:58,640
mars and the moon and certainly any

990
00:37:02,470 --> 00:37:00,160
asteroid

991
00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:02,480
the robot is obviously strong enough to

992
00:37:06,790 --> 00:37:04,640
handle objects in one g

993
00:37:08,150 --> 00:37:06,800
and would be quite capable

994
00:37:10,390 --> 00:37:08,160
in 0g

995
00:37:13,589 --> 00:37:10,400
microgravity of an asteroid on the lunar

996
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:13,599
surface or on the martian surface

997
00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:16,720
so those destinations are are ideal for

998
00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:18,640
this robot based on the way it's been

999
00:37:22,470 --> 00:37:20,640
designed in each case we would probably

1000
00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:22,480
want a different lower body

1001
00:37:26,470 --> 00:37:24,240
so again we're more focused on the upper

1002
00:37:27,750 --> 00:37:26,480
body the part that does work

1003
00:37:29,910 --> 00:37:27,760
and we're looking at different lower

1004
00:37:33,670 --> 00:37:29,920
body options that can be used to

1005
00:37:35,589 --> 00:37:33,680
customize it to the specific destination

1006
00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:35,599
and the question about power it's not

1007
00:37:38,630 --> 00:37:37,040
going to have scrabbled eggs every

1008
00:37:40,790 --> 00:37:38,640
morning

1009
00:37:43,990 --> 00:37:40,800
what will power what will recharge it is

1010
00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:44,000
it exotic or is it fairly conventional

1011
00:37:48,550 --> 00:37:46,240
well at this point it's really simple it

1012
00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:48,560
has no stomach

1013
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:50,160
it's amazing what a human can do on one

1014
00:37:55,030 --> 00:37:52,400
hershey candy bar right it's a lot of

1015
00:37:57,670 --> 00:37:55,040
energy in that hershey candy bar

1016
00:37:59,030 --> 00:37:57,680
this robot has no battery or storage so

1017
00:38:02,310 --> 00:37:59,040
it's plugged in

1018
00:38:04,470 --> 00:38:02,320
its backpack is an adapter that adapts

1019
00:38:06,069 --> 00:38:04,480
from the station flavor of power

1020
00:38:08,470 --> 00:38:06,079
to all the different voltages and

1021
00:38:10,790 --> 00:38:08,480
currents that the robot needs inside

1022
00:38:12,950 --> 00:38:10,800
to go free climbing we need to swap the

1023
00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:12,960
backpack out with a new backpack that

1024
00:38:15,510 --> 00:38:14,240
would have a battery or some other

1025
00:38:18,470 --> 00:38:15,520
energy source

1026
00:38:20,069 --> 00:38:18,480
that could then go recharge itself

1027
00:38:21,990 --> 00:38:20,079
that would also be the ideal backpack

1028
00:38:23,430 --> 00:38:22,000
for going outside as well

1029
00:38:25,030 --> 00:38:23,440
where it would be able to work for some

1030
00:38:27,670 --> 00:38:25,040
period of time

1031
00:38:30,790 --> 00:38:27,680
unplugged and then get back in time

1032
00:38:32,870 --> 00:38:30,800
to plug itself in and recharge

1033
00:38:35,190 --> 00:38:32,880
if it's plugged into a rover

1034
00:38:36,950 --> 00:38:35,200
it may need no backpack at all if the

1035
00:38:37,750 --> 00:38:36,960
rover is designed to provide just the

1036
00:38:41,030 --> 00:38:37,760
right

1037
00:38:42,950 --> 00:38:41,040
flavor of power to the upper body

1038
00:38:44,390 --> 00:38:42,960
it may need no backpack

1039
00:38:48,790 --> 00:38:44,400
and be able to plug right into the

1040
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:50,550
hi mark kirkman interspace news i

1041
00:38:52,950 --> 00:38:51,839
actually have a million questions but i

1042
00:38:56,550 --> 00:38:52,960
think brandy's only going to have a

1043
00:38:59,270 --> 00:38:56,560
couple um where on station will r2b

1044
00:39:00,470 --> 00:38:59,280
be located at in the u.s lab in the us

1045
00:39:02,470 --> 00:39:00,480
lab and

1046
00:39:04,390 --> 00:39:02,480
i assume you've tested in the vr lab the

1047
00:39:05,990 --> 00:39:04,400
ability does he have the ability to get

1048
00:39:07,190 --> 00:39:06,000
anywhere on the station using just the

1049
00:39:09,829 --> 00:39:07,200
two arms

1050
00:39:11,109 --> 00:39:09,839
um we're not planning to have it free

1051
00:39:14,710 --> 00:39:11,119
climb

1052
00:39:17,030 --> 00:39:14,720
uh with just two arms

1053
00:39:22,150 --> 00:39:17,040
our plan is to add legs

1054
00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:24,630
slow and deliberate manner

1055
00:39:28,870 --> 00:39:26,960
the pedestal that you see

1056
00:39:30,550 --> 00:39:28,880
over on the display there

1057
00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:30,560
is designed to go into the seat track on

1058
00:39:34,150 --> 00:39:32,720
the side walls of the space on the space

1059
00:39:36,310 --> 00:39:34,160
station lab

1060
00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:36,320
well we are thinking and we're open to

1061
00:39:40,550 --> 00:39:38,160
ideas but what we're thinking is that

1062
00:39:42,870 --> 00:39:40,560
we'll build feet modular feet on these

1063
00:39:45,109 --> 00:39:42,880
legs that will be able to grip the

1064
00:39:46,710 --> 00:39:45,119
various interfaces that exist

1065
00:39:48,550 --> 00:39:46,720
on the inside of the station

1066
00:39:49,829 --> 00:39:48,560
so if you had two legs

1067
00:39:52,790 --> 00:39:49,839
one could be

1068
00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:52,800
locked in and the other could reach out

1069
00:39:55,109 --> 00:39:53,920
make

1070
00:39:56,790 --> 00:39:55,119
contact

1071
00:39:59,190 --> 00:39:56,800
rigidized and then let go of the other

1072
00:40:02,310 --> 00:39:59,200
one that would free the upper arms as

1073
00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:02,320
it's climbing to be carrying objects

1074
00:40:07,109 --> 00:40:04,800
carrying wet wipes or carrying tools

1075
00:40:09,270 --> 00:40:07,119
as it's climbing around the station

1076
00:40:10,470 --> 00:40:09,280
so it's kind of like rock climbing but

1077
00:40:13,109 --> 00:40:10,480
in rock climbing you're typically

1078
00:40:15,349 --> 00:40:13,119
hanging on your fingers with gravity and

1079
00:40:17,910 --> 00:40:15,359
you're not really making a firm

1080
00:40:19,829 --> 00:40:17,920
rigid interface to the rock you're just

1081
00:40:21,910 --> 00:40:19,839
kind of hanging

1082
00:40:23,190 --> 00:40:21,920
in zero g you have to make a more

1083
00:40:25,349 --> 00:40:23,200
complete

1084
00:40:26,870 --> 00:40:25,359
grasp of the object because there's no

1085
00:40:28,790 --> 00:40:26,880
gravity bias

1086
00:40:29,589 --> 00:40:28,800
so the feet will need to be able to lock

1087
00:40:31,589 --> 00:40:29,599
in

1088
00:40:35,190 --> 00:40:31,599
to those seat tracks to stabilize the

1089
00:40:36,550 --> 00:40:35,200
upper body as it climbs

1090
00:40:38,069 --> 00:40:36,560
and then i guess this will be my last

1091
00:40:39,670 --> 00:40:38,079
one um

1092
00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:39,680
can you elaborate a little bit on how

1093
00:40:43,910 --> 00:40:41,440
those sensors work i mean are they

1094
00:40:45,670 --> 00:40:43,920
specifically force feedback sensors in

1095
00:40:47,430 --> 00:40:45,680
the joints or do you have stuff within

1096
00:40:49,910 --> 00:40:47,440
the skin because it seems like and i

1097
00:40:52,390 --> 00:40:49,920
have jokingly say this you guys have put

1098
00:40:54,150 --> 00:40:52,400
a lot of emphasis on asimov's three laws

1099
00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:54,160
here trying to make sure that there's no

1100
00:40:58,710 --> 00:40:56,720
way that he can he can hurt an astronaut

1101
00:41:00,069 --> 00:40:58,720
or vice versa can you explain how those

1102
00:41:04,069 --> 00:41:00,079
sensors work with a little more detail

1103
00:41:07,190 --> 00:41:05,510
we have a lot of intellectual property

1104
00:41:09,349 --> 00:41:07,200
that is coming out on the robot we've

1105
00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:09,359
filed over 40 patents and so that will

1106
00:41:12,470 --> 00:41:10,880
be coming out and you'll be able to read

1107
00:41:14,470 --> 00:41:12,480
about the patents that's the nature of a

1108
00:41:17,030 --> 00:41:14,480
patent without giving away any of that

1109
00:41:18,309 --> 00:41:17,040
information until the patents are filed

1110
00:41:20,470 --> 00:41:18,319
i can tell you that there are hundreds

1111
00:41:23,109 --> 00:41:20,480
of sensors in this robot and going back

1112
00:41:24,630 --> 00:41:23,119
even to the robonaut one there were 150

1113
00:41:27,270 --> 00:41:24,640
sensors per limb

1114
00:41:29,270 --> 00:41:27,280
so these are very sensate robots with

1115
00:41:32,150 --> 00:41:29,280
the robonaut one we went through four

1116
00:41:34,390 --> 00:41:32,160
different gloves with all kinds of skin

1117
00:41:36,710 --> 00:41:34,400
embedded tactile sensors

1118
00:41:39,109 --> 00:41:36,720
evolving the glove

1119
00:41:40,950 --> 00:41:39,119
through four generations of gloves

1120
00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:40,960
we experimented with sensors under the

1121
00:41:44,550 --> 00:41:43,680
skin to detect people

1122
00:41:46,710 --> 00:41:44,560
and

1123
00:41:48,870 --> 00:41:46,720
in this design the sensors are more i

1124
00:41:49,829 --> 00:41:48,880
can only say more deep

1125
00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:49,839
that they're

1126
00:41:54,309 --> 00:41:52,000
in the core of the machine so we're able

1127
00:41:55,670 --> 00:41:54,319
to detect the loads

1128
00:41:58,550 --> 00:41:55,680
but yes

1129
00:42:00,230 --> 00:41:58,560
sensing is very important to the machine

1130
00:42:02,390 --> 00:42:00,240
hundreds of sensors

1131
00:42:04,950 --> 00:42:02,400
throughout the whole robot

1132
00:42:06,950 --> 00:42:04,960
the control loop rates are

1133
00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:06,960
thousands of times a second

1134
00:42:10,630 --> 00:42:09,839
monitoring those sensor signals

1135
00:42:11,829 --> 00:42:10,640
and

1136
00:42:14,069 --> 00:42:11,839
looking for

1137
00:42:15,430 --> 00:42:14,079
accidental contact to make the robot

1138
00:42:17,430 --> 00:42:15,440
safe

1139
00:42:18,550 --> 00:42:17,440
our three levels aren't exactly azimov's

1140
00:42:20,630 --> 00:42:18,560
three laws

1141
00:42:23,670 --> 00:42:20,640
but we think that three-layer safe is

1142
00:42:26,870 --> 00:42:25,270
okay i think next we'll take some

1143
00:42:30,230 --> 00:42:26,880
questions from kennedy space center in

1144
00:42:34,550 --> 00:42:31,990
uh yes hello marcia dumb with the

1145
00:42:37,109 --> 00:42:34,560
associated press um first question i

1146
00:42:39,109 --> 00:42:37,119
have is cost um how much money has gone

1147
00:42:44,069 --> 00:42:39,119
into the robonaut program and how much

1148
00:42:45,990 --> 00:42:44,079
is this individual robot worth by itself

1149
00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:46,000
think that about um

1150
00:42:48,870 --> 00:42:47,520
two and a half million dollars is the

1151
00:42:50,390 --> 00:42:48,880
unit cost

1152
00:42:52,309 --> 00:42:50,400
i've never had the privilege of building

1153
00:42:53,910 --> 00:42:52,319
robots in large quantities like i'm not

1154
00:42:56,390 --> 00:42:53,920
an industrial engineer

1155
00:42:58,870 --> 00:42:56,400
so i couldn't give you

1156
00:42:59,750 --> 00:42:58,880
a better number than that

1157
00:43:01,750 --> 00:42:59,760
for the

1158
00:43:03,589 --> 00:43:01,760
case where we might make dozens or

1159
00:43:06,309 --> 00:43:03,599
hundreds of these robots

1160
00:43:07,910 --> 00:43:06,319
but i can tell you when i look at

1161
00:43:11,589 --> 00:43:07,920
a robonaut 2

1162
00:43:13,910 --> 00:43:11,599
and i look at my family car

1163
00:43:16,390 --> 00:43:13,920
the robonaut has fewer parts

1164
00:43:18,390 --> 00:43:16,400
it has less material

1165
00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:18,400
and it seems that if you were to make

1166
00:43:21,349 --> 00:43:20,160
robonauts in the same quantities as you

1167
00:43:23,990 --> 00:43:21,359
make that car

1168
00:43:26,069 --> 00:43:24,000
that the robonaut should cost a lot less

1169
00:43:27,349 --> 00:43:26,079
now again i'm not an industrial engineer

1170
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:27,359
so

1171
00:43:33,349 --> 00:43:29,680
don't take that estimate to the bank

1172
00:43:35,270 --> 00:43:33,359
um but in quantities of one or two

1173
00:43:40,150 --> 00:43:35,280
robonaut 2's cost

1174
00:43:44,550 --> 00:43:42,069
thank you and and another question i

1175
00:43:47,109 --> 00:43:44,560
have is is this the only robonaut that

1176
00:43:48,710 --> 00:43:47,119
will be flying to the space station

1177
00:43:51,270 --> 00:43:48,720
um

1178
00:43:54,950 --> 00:43:51,280
or will you plan to fly another entirety

1179
00:43:56,630 --> 00:43:54,960
to go outside and if this

1180
00:43:58,150 --> 00:43:56,640
robonaut is the only one or there are

1181
00:43:59,990 --> 00:43:58,160
more to follow will they all go down

1182
00:44:01,430 --> 00:44:00,000
with the station eventually or did would

1183
00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:01,440
you might hope to bring them back one

1184
00:44:07,670 --> 00:44:05,510
well so a couple questions there let me

1185
00:44:09,670 --> 00:44:07,680
answer the the first at this point we

1186
00:44:10,790 --> 00:44:09,680
only have plans for this one that we

1187
00:44:13,190 --> 00:44:10,800
will

1188
00:44:15,109 --> 00:44:13,200
look to fly upgrade components to the

1189
00:44:17,510 --> 00:44:15,119
station for example

1190
00:44:19,990 --> 00:44:17,520
giving it legs or a new backpack or a

1191
00:44:22,630 --> 00:44:20,000
new torso computer

1192
00:44:24,550 --> 00:44:22,640
we would love to fly more in the future

1193
00:44:26,230 --> 00:44:24,560
we're looking at all sorts of missions

1194
00:44:27,030 --> 00:44:26,240
beyond low earth orbit

1195
00:44:28,870 --> 00:44:27,040
where

1196
00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:28,880
the dexterous capability of a robonaut

1197
00:44:33,349 --> 00:44:31,440
system might come in quite handy

1198
00:44:34,950 --> 00:44:33,359
the second part of your question was

1199
00:44:36,630 --> 00:44:34,960
will it come home

1200
00:44:38,150 --> 00:44:36,640
at this point we have no plans for

1201
00:44:40,309 --> 00:44:38,160
robonaut 2b

1202
00:44:42,790 --> 00:44:40,319
to come back

1203
00:44:43,990 --> 00:44:42,800
i can't say what the future will hold it

1204
00:44:46,230 --> 00:44:44,000
may you know

1205
00:44:48,150 --> 00:44:46,240
ride the station

1206
00:44:49,670 --> 00:44:48,160
into the pacific

1207
00:44:50,950 --> 00:44:49,680
but we don't know where a station might

1208
00:44:51,750 --> 00:44:50,960
go someday

1209
00:44:52,950 --> 00:44:51,760
so

1210
00:44:54,950 --> 00:44:52,960
uh

1211
00:44:56,309 --> 00:44:54,960
that chapter in robonaut's life has not

1212
00:44:59,030 --> 00:44:56,319
been written yet

1213
00:45:00,950 --> 00:44:59,040
uh we might take the robot

1214
00:45:02,630 --> 00:45:00,960
maybe that same one beyond low earth

1215
00:45:03,910 --> 00:45:02,640
orbit in the future

1216
00:45:06,870 --> 00:45:03,920
it's got to earn its stripes first

1217
00:45:13,109 --> 00:45:09,589
um and and lastly um is there any real

1218
00:45:14,550 --> 00:45:13,119
time control needed of robonaut or is

1219
00:45:17,030 --> 00:45:14,560
this all program

1220
00:45:18,630 --> 00:45:17,040
programmable in other words uh if you

1221
00:45:21,190 --> 00:45:18,640
need the robot to

1222
00:45:23,430 --> 00:45:21,200
wash down the walls or the handrails

1223
00:45:25,589 --> 00:45:23,440
how do you get that in from how do you

1224
00:45:27,589 --> 00:45:25,599
get that command into the robot and how

1225
00:45:30,950 --> 00:45:27,599
much interaction from that point on is

1226
00:45:32,390 --> 00:45:30,960
there with any crew or ground member

1227
00:45:34,230 --> 00:45:32,400
so when we started working with general

1228
00:45:35,750 --> 00:45:34,240
motors we went away from the tel

1229
00:45:37,109 --> 00:45:35,760
operation model that we had for the

1230
00:45:38,230 --> 00:45:37,119
robonaut one

1231
00:45:39,829 --> 00:45:38,240
um for

1232
00:45:41,109 --> 00:45:39,839
gm it really didn't make sense to have a

1233
00:45:43,190 --> 00:45:41,119
person have to

1234
00:45:44,309 --> 00:45:43,200
tell operate the robot doing a task you

1235
00:45:46,470 --> 00:45:44,319
know that

1236
00:45:47,910 --> 00:45:46,480
wouldn't really buy you anything

1237
00:45:49,829 --> 00:45:47,920
so we wanted to build the machine able

1238
00:45:51,829 --> 00:45:49,839
to do tasks on its own

1239
00:45:53,990 --> 00:45:51,839
so again working with general motors we

1240
00:45:55,589 --> 00:45:54,000
built a really nice interface software

1241
00:45:57,670 --> 00:45:55,599
interface to the robot that is

1242
00:45:59,589 --> 00:45:57,680
essentially script driven now the robot

1243
00:46:02,390 --> 00:45:59,599
itself is very sensate in it's sensing

1244
00:46:04,309 --> 00:46:02,400
forces it's reacting to forces it

1245
00:46:06,150 --> 00:46:04,319
reaches out and grabs objects and it

1246
00:46:09,270 --> 00:46:06,160
feels when it grabs them

1247
00:46:11,510 --> 00:46:09,280
but all of that is automatic

1248
00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:11,520
you start the script

1249
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:13,680
it reaches till it feels the forces and

1250
00:46:21,270 --> 00:46:15,520
does what it needs to do on its own

1251
00:46:25,510 --> 00:46:22,710
okay i think that's actually about all

1252
00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:25,520
we have time for today we can find out

1253
00:46:29,750 --> 00:46:27,359
more about robonaut online at

1254
00:46:31,589 --> 00:46:29,760
www.nasa.gov

1255
00:46:33,430 --> 00:46:31,599
robonaut there's a fact sheet there as

1256
00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:33,440
well as videos

1257
00:46:37,030 --> 00:46:35,200
and photos

1258
00:46:38,910 --> 00:46:37,040
coming up next on nasa tv we'll have a

1259
00:46:41,910 --> 00:46:38,920
quick look at some more b-roll for the

1260
00:46:43,510 --> 00:46:41,920
sts-133 mission and then at 2 pm we'll

1261
00:46:46,950 --> 00:46:43,520
wrap up today's pre-flight briefings

1262
00:46:48,630 --> 00:46:46,960
with the sts-133 crew news conference